小学英语基础知识汇总!
小学英语学起来不难,但关乎孩子英语基础,该记牢的不能错!?
01
基础知识
1.字母:
2.音标:
3.词汇:词汇量 ,近/反义词
4.句子:大小写
02
语法知识
# 名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(1)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
展开全文
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice,child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(2)名词的格
1.有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
? 注意:
①并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
②要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s:Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
2.表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
# 冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类
(1)不定冠词:a / an
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson
(2)定冠词the的用法:
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.
2.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
3.谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
4.在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.
5.用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening
(3)不用冠词的情况:
1.专有名词前:China is a big country.
2.名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
3.复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
4.在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
5.一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
6.球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
7.学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
8.在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
9.固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
# 代词: 人称代词、物主代词
# 形容词,副词:比较级,最高级
(1)形容词的比较级
1.形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则:
(1)一般在词尾加er ;
(2)以字母e 结尾,加r ;
(3)以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(2)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
(1)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
(2)副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同
*不规则变化:well-better, far-farther
# 数词:基数词、序数词
(1)基数词
1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
21-99
先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
101—999
先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(2)序数词
1.一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
2.不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
3.以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
4.从数字21后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词:
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
? 基数词转为序数词的口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替
ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序
# 介词:in, on, at, behind
1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具体日期。
(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:
at/on the weekend 在周末---特指
over the weekend 在整个周末
during the weekend 在周末期间
(2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?
2)在(刚……)的时候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
3.in: 表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。eg:in 1988
end
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